Treatment of Hypolimnion Water on Mineral Aggregates as the Second Step of the Hypolimnetic Withdrawal Method Used for Lake Restoration

The study aimed to assess the usefulness of mineral aggregates in orthophosphate (OP) removal from hypolimnetic water withdrawn eutrophic lakes. Two low-cost and easily available reactive materials were tested: lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) crushed limestone (LS). Their performance regarding OP effect on pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, N-NO3 N-NH4 concentrations treated investigated a column experiment with four-filter beds made LECA amended LS (additions 0, 25, 50 75% bed volume). highest (>50%) was achieved high (75% by volume) amendments LS. Neither nor distinctly affected pH (maximum increase, 7.1 or 7.2 7.6, occurred case bed). In real-life conditions, it is not feasible install full-scale these outflow lake due large required size such bed. At operation time set for 30 d, would need reach between 6113.2 12,226.4 m3. proposed should be just one elements an integrated treatment system. Constructions consisting sorption ought coupled adequately designed zones aquatic vegetation. Three conceptional solutions situ water, differing arrangement construction potential Application regarded as substantial improvement Olszewski’s method, can mitigate pollution downstream ecosystems.